Behavior of short-headed stud connectors in orthotropic steel-UHPC composite bridge deck under fatigue loading

The short-headed stud connectors play a critical role on the interaction of orthotropic steel deck (OSD) and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) layer in steel-UHPC composite bridge deck. In this paper, fatigue behavior these was experimentally investigated beam test. failure modes were identified classified into 5 types. test results analyzed by linear regression analysis neglecting run-outs treating as respectively. On other hand, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach used to shape S-N curve considering influence run-outs. Additionally, push-out data compared, presented relatively conservative result. Last, applicability existing specifications design guidelines regarding steel–UHPC is discussed, with 95% survival probability proposed.